Consequently, even though the weight losses postharvest for roots and tubers and fruits and vegetables are substantially higher than those of cereals 54 and 66 percent respectively compared with 20. It accounts for about onethird of the gross domestic product gdp, provides 85 percent of all exports and saves as a livelihood to over 80 percent of the total population. The crop is highly perishable because of a fragmented value chain and lack of utilization of improved postharvest technologies. However, fresh horticultural produce is highly perishable with some estimates suggesting a postharvest loss of 30 to 50% in fruits and vegetables. Pre and post harvest losses in crops, fruit, vegetables by by allah dad khan former dg agriculture extension khyber pakhtunkhwa province 03329221298 2. Postharvest management of tomato for quality and safety. Factors affecting post harvest losses vary widely from. Post harvest losses in tomato crop a case of peshawar valley. They include onfarm losses, such as when grain is threshed, winnowed, and dried, as well as losses along the chain during transportation, storage, and processing. Based on the findings of the study the following policy implications are recommended. The diseases which develop on harvested parts of the plants like seeds, fruits and also on vegetables are the postharvested diseases. Pre harvest factors affecting quality, factors responsible.
Similar objectives have also been adopted at regional level, with the example of the engagement taken by african heads of state in malabo june 2014 to halve the current levels of postharvest losses by the year 20251. These losses may occur during picking, handling, transportation, etc. From the fgd, participants were identified the main constraints on horticultural crop production potential and postharvest management practices in the study area. Data for estimating their losses were collected from 120 districts of. This work carried out for the ministry of agriculture post harvest losses in paddy crop in tamil nadu with help of a field study. Fruits and vegetables used for processing in different countries sl. Plants need a continuous supply of water for photosynthesis and transpiration. Innovative smallscale postharvest technologies for. Assessment of quantitative harvest and postharvest losses of major cropscommodities in india technical report pdf available january 2016 with 7,127 reads how we measure reads. The postharvest sector includes all points in the value chain from production in the field to the food being placed on a plate for consumption.
The main causes of rice losses in postharvest operations include. Despite its nutritive value and dietary importance, tomato is one of the most susceptible crops to postharvest losses. Assessment of production potential and postharvest losses. Losses are often estimated as a percentage of the amount remaining from the previous stage of postharvest operation.
Apple postharvest losses at different stages from production to consumption in. The postharvest losses of tomato crop in peshawar valley. Losses of horticultural produce are therefore a major problem in the postharvest chain. How to manage postharvest loss working in development.
Improving postharvest management 99 gap analysis process 103 value added analysis 106 cause and effect root cause analysis 108 packing shed operations. Post harvest management post harvest management entails the reducing the loss of weight and the maintenance of overall quality of produce following harvesting. Estimated losses weight and quality from the postharvest chain for rice in south asia after hodges et al. In 2011 the world bank, the uks natural resources institute, and the fao published a report, missing food. The staple crops studied were cassava, yam, sweet potatoes, maize, rice. Cassava, a staple crop critical to food security in.
Post harvest handling, transportation and storage are the most important factors influencing post harvest losses. Therefore, the present study on assessing the harvest and postharvest losses of 45 crops and livestock produce was takenup. Results of field trials and costbenefit analyses the results of the field trials and costbenefit analyses showed that all 21 were found to be profitable for small farmers, of which 81% 17 technology crop combinations were found to increase returns by 30% or more kitinoja et al. The study was conducted in order to estimate the postharvest losses in tomato crop produced in peshawar valley during kharif 2006. Postharvest losses are losses that occur on or off the farm, after separation of the production from the site of immediate growth to the moment it reaches consumers, for example during postharvest operations such as threshing or. In the literature, the domain is mostly referred to as postharvest food losses, post harvest food losses, or postharvest food losses. Agro climatic conditions of pakistan agroclimatic conditions of pakistan ranging from tropical to temperate allow growing 40 different kinds of vegetables and 21 types of fruits and more than. Postharvest management and postharvest losses of cereals in ethiopia h. Maturity indices, harvesting, handling, grading of fruits, vegetables, cut flowers, plantation crops, medicinal and aromatic plants. A significant proportion 40% of roots and tubers are also lost after harvest. This article is an open access publication abstract recent and systematic evidence on the magnitude of post harvest losses in subsaharan. Postharvest handling, transportation and storage are the most important factors influencing post.
The losses are those occurring during harvest, post harvest handling and storage of agricultural produce. The estimated post harvest loss of tomato crop in peshawar valley was 20% of the total production. Every effort must, therefore, be made to minimize these losses. Consequently, even though the weight losses post harvest for roots and tubers and fruits and vegetables are substantially higher than those of cereals 54 and 66 percent respectively compared with 20. Field test report on the estimation of crop yields and. Table 8 is a summary of the degree of post harvest losses of different agricultural produce in the three zones. Primary data was gathered from the study areas using a questionnaire, the results of which were used to select 200 wheat farming households for in depth analysis.
The loss occurs due to poor preproduction and postharvest management as well as lack of appropriate processing and marketing facilities. Chapter iii assessment of pre harvest losses 56106 3. The discussion was focused on cultural practices, water availability, harvesting techniques, postharvest losses and management, storage rooms and market accessibilities. As the fruits and vegetables are perishable, so their chances are more to get spoiled or degraded. Postharvest losses represent a waste of the resources land, labour, energy, water, fertilizer, etc. This is a book chapter deals with post harvest management of chillies. Post harvest losses occur between harvest and the moment of human consumption.
Major reasons and type of losses with their estimated postharvest loss and quality deterioration of the commonly cultivated horticultural crops are shown in table 3. Post harvest handling postharvest management practices that reduce product loss to spoilage or shrinkage will reduce microbial risks. Post harvest for fresh fruit, vegetables and root crops is a science created with the aim of. May 17, 2015 pre and post harvest losses in crops, fruit, vegetables by by allah dad khan former dg agriculture extension khyber pakhtunkhwa province 03329221298 2. In high and middleincome countries, significant losses occur in the early stages of the food supply chains and at the consumer level united nations, 2011. Losses of horticultural produce are therefore a major problem in the post harvest chain. Data were collected randomly from sixty eight tomato growers in the area.
Postharvest loss is one of the biggest problems which affects economic growth globally. Challenges and opportunities for improved postharvest loss. The post harvest loses may occur on account of several reasons. In the developed world consumers now expect to be able to eat perishable produce from all parts of the world, and in most cases throughout the year. The economically important agricultural crops in afghanistan. Ghana, kenya, malawi, mozambique, zambia, tanzania, burkina faso, nigeria, uganda, ethiopia and mali.
Postharvest activities include harvesting, handling, storage, processing, packaging, transportation and marketing losses of horticultural produce are a major problem in the postharvest chain. As a result, the loss of potato and other vegetable crops was ranged from 30 to 50 and 0. Major reasons and type of losses with their estimated post harvest loss and quality deterioration of the commonly cultivated horticultural crops are shown in table 3. Post harvest loss is one of the biggest problems which affects economic growth globally. The world resources institute wri, however, refers to it as food loss and waste flw. Perishable plant products are, however, susceptible to physical damage and often have a potential storage life of only a few days. Maintaining fruit and vegetable quality for the final consumer post harvest treatments deal with fruit protection and enhance fruit quality, the development of post harvest treatments has permitted the creation of the current. Past assessments have reported 30 to 40% losses of bananas are common due to lack of temperature management and roughly handling the fruit as bunches.
Several losses occur because of poor facilities, lack of knowhow. Degree of post harvest losses of agricultural produce in the zone. Post harvest profile of wheat c o n t e n t s page no. Pre harvest production practices may seriously affect post harvest returns. Post harvest losses can occur during any of the various stages of post production system. Pdf postharvest losses of agricultural produce barbara. Postharvest loss assessment of green bananas in rwanda. For some crops such as fruits, vegetables and root crops, being less hardy than cereals, postharvest losses can reach 50% voices newsletter, 2006. The post harvest losses of tomato crop in peshawar valley were estimated 20% of the total production.
In tanzania post harvest loss is a critical problem that affects multiple value chains and is a threat to overall food security. Postharvest losses can occur during any of the various stages of postproduction system. Post harvest management and post harvest losses of cereals in ethiopia h. Post 1 and post 2 the adm institute for the prevention of postharvest loss is an international information and technology hub for evaluating, creating and disseminating economically viable technologies, practices and systems that reduce postharvest loss in staple crops. Postharvest losses reduced yield and quality from pest damage in the field may be equalled or exceeded by losses in storage. Part 1 the nature of cereal grain postharvest losses. The study was conducted in order to estimate the post harvest losses in tomato crop produced in peshawar valley during kharif 2006. Post harvest management of pulses is a complex problem requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The causes of postharvest losses, which some estimates suggest could range from 15 to as high as 50 percent of what is produced. Pdf preand postharvest losses in paddy crop in tamil. The concepts and problems of postharvest food losses in. The loss occurs due to poor preproduction and post harvest management as well as lack of appropriate processing and marketing facilities. Current maize production, postharvest losses and the risk of mycotoxins contamination in tanzania abstract agriculture is the backbone of tanzanian economy. Most of the tomato growers were ignorant of tomato processing.
Many promising technologies and solutions for reducing postharvest loss exist, yet farmers do not always use them. There are numerous factors affecting post harvest losses, from the soil in which the crop is grown to the handling of produce when it reaches the shop. Subsector overview and implementation strategy pdf available at. However, measurements of postharvest losses of food crops. Losses occur after harvesting is known as post harvest losses. Until recently, knowledge of postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables such as improved. In early 2016, a rockefeller foundation grant funded ideas42 to study the behavioral. Pdf postharvest losses of agricultural produce researchgate. This is a book chapter deals with postharvest management of chillies. Field test report on the estimation of crop yields and post. The magnitude and pattern of postharvest losses phls therefore vary across countries based on their stage of economic development. Post harvest loss reduction post harvest loss is the term used to describe the crops lost to waste, spoilage, and other factors in between harvest and consumption by the end user. In dealing with the domain, terminology has been a bit imprecise in the past. Pre and post harvest losses in fruits, crops a lookinto.
At the global level, the amount of lost and supply chain varies greatly depending on the crop, wasted food in. The fao food and agriculture organization estimates that rd of food products is lost every year. Reducing the level of weight loss after harvesting fruits and vegetables. The main causes of rice losses in post harvest operations include. Post harvest handling is the s tage of crop production immediately following harvest, including cooling, cleaning, sorting and packing. Despite its nutritive value and dietary importance, tomato is one of the most susceptible crops to post harvest losses. Current maize production, postharvest losses and the risk of.
Women and postharvest loss preventing postharvest loss. Assessment of production potential and postharvest losses of. The discussion was focused on cultural practices, water availability, harvesting techniques, post harvest losses and management, storage rooms and market accessibilities. It starts first from the field, after harvest, in grading and packing areas, in storage, during transportation and in the wholesale and retail markets. Pdf assessment of quantitative harvest and postharvest. The causes of post harvest losses, which some estimates suggest could range from 15 to as high as 50 percent of what is produced. In early 2016, a rockefeller foundation grant funded ideas42 to. Important in many developing countries, particularly in africa, are onfarm losses during storage, when. Pre and post harvest losses in fruits, crops a lookinto its. Preand post harvest losses of pigeon pea in maharashtra. Pdf preand postharvest losses in paddy crop in tamil nadu. This article is an open access publication abstract recent and systematic evidence on the magnitude of postharvest losses in subsaharan. Postharvest losses of rice, wheat, sugarcane, pulses, oil seed, vegetables fruits and root crops due to inadequate processing and preservation. Postharvest management of pulses is a complex problem requiring a multidisciplinary approach.
Postharvest loss and quality deterioration of horticultural. Assessment of post harvest losses of some selected crops. Pdf chilli in managing postharvest quality and losses in. Perspectives to reducing postharvest losses of agricultural. Dec 14, 2012 in 2011 the world bank, the uks natural resources institute, and the fao published a report, missing food. Selected postharvest loss interventions in africa 1 across africa, fruits and vegetables feature the highest rate of losses as a proportion of productionapproximately 50%. Postharvest loss can define as the loss from the stage of harvesting to the stage of consumption which occurs as a result of qualitative loss, quantitative loss and the food waste by the consumers altogether. Both quantitative and qualitative losses occur at all stages in the postharvest handling system of the distribution chain of perishables from harvesting, through handling, packing, storage and transportation to final delivery of the fresh produce to the consumer. This work carried out for the ministry of agriculture postharvest losses and the risk of mycotoxins contamination in tanzania abstract agriculture is the backbone of tanzanian economy. Postharvest management and postharvest losses of cereals in. Post harvest management of horticultural crop s importance of post harvest technology in horticultural crops. Technical paper on postharvest losses acfjanuary 2014 page 5 weight losses in traditional postharvest chain crop weight losses in mechanized postharvest chain fig.
Ansaf is working to strengthen national phm systems. International trade in high value perishables has grown enormously in the past few decades. Apr 10, 2018 from the fgd, participants were identified the main constraints on horticultural crop production potential and post harvest management practices in the study area. Postharvest management and postharvest losses of cereals. Crop production is estimated to account for roughly 70. Conversely, postharvest loss was significantly affected in the study area due to lack of awareness, market access, inadequate water supply and poor postharvest handling practices. However, fresh horticultural produce is highly perishable with some estimates suggesting a post harvest loss of 30 to 50% in fruits and vegetables. Effective management during the postharvest period, rather than the level of sophistication of any given technology, is the key in reaching the desired objectives. The leakages between production and consumption include loss of grains before harvesting of crop as well as during various post harvest operations viz. Thus, reduction of postharvest food losses is a critical component of ensuring future. Chapter 1 presents some harvesting practices and methods of preparation of fresh.
258 1030 1015 107 669 300 904 1518 1508 469 762 112 1437 1245 1239 526 98 1327 347 910 580 1123 980 548 209 315 511 7 1433 636 997 1241