Instrumental parts are placed at the end of the pdf file. A viola da braccio with five strings that i made based on a painting by a contemporary of leonardo da vinci. She is the author of the catalogue of solo and chamber music for viola da. In this comprehensive study, bettina hoffmann offers both an introduction to the instrument its construction, technique and history for the nonspecialist, interweaving this information with a wealth of original archival scholarship that experts will relish. The book begins with a description of the instrument, and here hoffmann grapples with. Stradivari is recognized as the greatest violin maker in history and went on to finalize and refine the violins form and symmetry. The belly is from quartered spruce with typical renaissance choles with wooden walnut insert rose.
Medieval instruments including the chinese erhu, the finnish bowed lyre and the indian sarangi all had the same basic mechanics as the modern violin, using the principle of a continually resonating string amplified by a hollow body. At first da braccio seems to encompass the entire violin family. The viol the mets heilbrunn timeline of art history. This is a brief history of the lira da braccio, a handbook for its use, and selected repertoire. The violin is a descendant of the the viol, an early renaissance instrument. Saint francis and an angel with a viola da braccio the. The violin family comprises the violin, the viola, the cello violoncello, and the double bass. The cello came to the limelight for the first time in northern italy in 1550. This lavish book features breathtaking color photos of the finest violins and b. The lira da braccio download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. The violin first emerged in northern italy in the early 16th century especially from the brescia area. Home of the viola societies and the viola mailing lists.
Frets on the viol are usually made of gut, tied on the fingerboard around the. The viol shares with the renaissance lute the tuning of its six strings two fourths, a major third, two fourths and the gut frets on its neck. Both the viola da gamba and the violone are the ancestors of the double bass. First known use of term in 1543 as generic description of str. Revision history score score, basso continuo basso continuo, violon violon, viola da braccio viola da braccio, viola viola, violino ii violino ii, violino i violino i. Essentially, the term viola was used for all such instruments in italy. Paintings from the era indicate that types of stringed. Generic term of the 16th and 17th centuries for any bowed string instrument played on the arm, normally a member of the violin family. The first actual visual evidence that we have of the viola is one that is. A five strings instrument made after an original of hieronymus brensius bononiensis conserved in museo civico medievale in bologna, italy. Viola da gamba instruction and study subtopics viola da gamba instruction and study early works to 1800 1 title violation of motor vehicle traffic laws.
Revision history score score, basso continuo basso continuo, violon violon, viola da braccio viola da braccio, viola viola, violino ii violino. Pdf 100 kb read or download introduction to the first edition. The history of the violin bowed string instruments have been played all over the world for many thousands of years. The history of the viola is closely related to the development of the other instruments in the violin family. The iconography of the viola da gamba in ganassis context. Other predecessors include the medieval fiddle, rebec, and lira da braccio. The viol also referred to as the viola da gamba, or gamba is a european bowed and fretted string instrument played on the leg da gamba, used at court and in the home primarily during the renaissance and baroque periods. Pdf scanned by ume homerdundas 20121111 editor friedrich zelle. The history of the viola is closely linked to the development of the other instruments in the violin family, which were first made in northern italy between 1530 and 1550. Viol, also called viola da gamba, bowed, stringed musical instrument used principally in chamber music of the 16th to the 18th century. It may be assumed that the alto, tenor and bass versions emerged soon after the soprano instrument. The most important was the viola da braccio, which means viola played in the arm. The viola list, an email list for viola discussions run continuously since 1995, is now hosted at groups. Viola da gamba subtopics viola da gamba family of viols.
The influence of the arabian rabab and the rebec which emerged in spain are also seen in the violin. In this comprehensive study, bettina hoffmann offers both an introduction to the instrument its construction, technique and history for the nonspecialist, interweaving this information with a wealth of original archival. Viols feature frets, arched bridges, sloped shoulders, and flat backs, and either six or. The history of the cello is linked with other stringed instruments like the harp and lyre that were extensively used by ancient civilizations to make music.
Viola da braccio from italian arm viola, plural viole da braccio is a term variously applied during the baroque period to instruments of the violin family, in distinction to the viola da gamba leg viola and the viol family to which the latter belongs. The 16thcentury lira da braccio may be the missing link between the medieval fiddle and the modern violin. Viola da braccio is a term variously applied during the baroque period to instruments of the. Historical development of the violin family the violin family emerged in italy in the mid 16th century. Today, you find a variety of double bass models that are descendants of these two significant ancestries. Violin family project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. Like its cousin, the violin, the history of the cello dates back to the mid1500s and evolved from the earlier viola da braccio and the viola da gamba in the workshops of such famous instrument makers as andrea amati, gasparo da sala, and paolo maggini. The viola da gamba was a central instrument in european music from the late 15th century well into the late 18th. Many archive documents testify that from 148595 brescia was the cradle of a magnificent school of string players and makers, all called with the title of maestro of all the different sort of strings instruments of the renaissance. The iconography of the viola da gamba in ganassis context martina papiro. Pdf the viola da gamba contents and chapter 1 bettina.
Indented bouts can be found only with lire da braccio. Search the history of over 431 billion web pages on the internet. Media in category viola da braccio the following files are in this category, out of total. Viola da braccio definition of viola da braccio by. Featured texts all books all texts latest this just in smithsonian libraries fedlink us genealogy lincoln collection. Monteverdis orfeo printed 1609 designates an entire sixpart. It is a member of the violin family and was initially called bass violin. Viola da braccio definition is any bowed stringed instrument of the 16th and 17th centuries played on the shoulder. In sense 1 and 2, the plural form used is braccia, derived from latin bracchia, the ancient neuter plural of bracchium. This includes works originally scored for solo viol or viola da gamba. Over the centuries in the history of the violin and viola da gamba families, there has been a. The viola da gamba was played at the legs, had high ribs, five to seven strings across a flatter bridge and a flat back. It is generally believed that the double bass is an instrument with roots in the gamba and viol families.
In the first half of the 16th century, when the violin family evolved from the viola da braccio, instruments were built in three registers. Lambert smit, towards a more consistent and more historical view of bachs. The viola da braccio arm viola and viola da gamba leg viola were used in the sixteenth and. The viola da braccio was played on the arms, had low ribs, four strings across a curved bridge and a round back.
This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Viola da braccio definition of viola da braccio by the. In addition, the violin and the viola are widely used in the music of south india and north africa, in contemporary greek and arab music, in european and american folk music, and by roma musicians. Indeed, the violin, viola, cello, and double bass all have their origins from the european viol, which consisted of two varieties, the viola da braccio arm viol and the viola da gamba leg viol. Todays violin owes its existence to an ancient instrument known as the lira, which was used in europe as early as the 9th century. A kind of viola popular during the late 17th and 18th centuries. Journal of the viola da gamba society of america index to volumes 148 19642014 author names as main entries are in upper case. Indeed, the violin, viola, cello, and double bass all have their origins from the european viol, which consisted of two varieties, the viola da braccio arm viol and the viola da. Search the history of over 424 billion web pages on the internet. Click download or read online button to get the lira da braccio book now. Articles, which are refereed before publication, are welcome from members.
242 1327 112 1271 311 786 1370 951 1058 629 186 1207 1184 834 784 1141 1149 211 1156 621 1073 205 1216 883 166 128 686 1325 209 203 1138 1174 355 192 1395 1148 1249 1308 789 1187 270 118 207 11 1203 740 707