Urine composition and function chemistry libretexts. Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents. Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents dr. Secreted by the renal tubules, it accumulates in the urinary bladder and is. Composition of urine normal urine is a yellow fluid. Urine can be collected and examined easily, and presence of certain substances in the urine may indicate the metabolic state of the body. There are several conditions that can cause abnormal components to. Identify each of the abnormalities described below by inserting a term from the list at the right that names the condition. Therefore, in asymptomatic patients who had urine dipstick positive for blood and an otherwise normal urinalysis, the initial step in management should be to. Its main components are normal urea, nacl, kcl, creatinine, uric acid, phosphates. In various situations, the urinary protein level may become abnormally high, as much as 20 g in daily urine. Macroscopic and chemical examination of urine july 2017 page 2 random a sample collected at any time of day or night. Urinalysis is the examination of urine based on normal and abnormal findings. However, some substances are there which are not present in easily noticeable amounts in urine of healthy individuals but are found in the urine of individuals suffering from certain disease.
Urine boundless anatomy and physiology lumen learning. Identify each of the abnormalities described below by inserting a. Students will perform the tests on their own urine sample. Urinary system the kidneys remove waste product from the blood through small filtering units called nephrons. In normal condition we excrete 2080 mg protein in a day. Abnormal constituents of urine and significance in disease.
Each nephron consists of a ball of small blood capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a small tube called a renal tubule. Pdf qualitative analysis of urine sample rov catindig. Its excretion is directly proportional to the protein intake. Any abnormal constituents found in urine are an indication of disease. Detection and estimation of some abnormal constituents. Abnormal constituents of urine biology for everybody.
These are pathological or abnormal constituents of urine. May be cause by inflammation of urinary organs, irritation by kidney stones, kidney disease, trauma to urinary organ, or polyps or tumors in urinary system. Urine specific gravity an overview sciencedirect topics. Inorganic constituents of normal urine anions and cations. Normal adult individuals excrete urine in a range of 1. Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water. Normally about 30 grams of urea are excreted in the urine per day and it comprises 85% to 92% of the total urinary n but on a low protein diet, this value is decreased to. The normal chemical composition of urine is mainly water content. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of. Generally fresh urine of normal person is transparent with aromatic odor containing urochrome. Biochemistry urine analysis normal and abnormal urine constituents 1. But when albumin and globulin are found in illness condition then it is called proteinuria.
Dilute urine in a dehydrated or azotemic animal is abnormal and could be caused by renal failure, hypo or hyperadrenocorticism, hypercalcemia, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, and diuretic therapy. Always wear gloves whilst messing about with another persons pee. Start studying identify normal and abnormal constituents of urine learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Normal urine color ranges from pale yellow to deep. Normal urine is actually a highly complex aqueous solution of organic and inorganic substances. Urine is a liquid waste material produced in and excreted by the body. The normal chemical composition of urine is mainly water content, but it also. It is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water. Urine examination helps in the diagnosis of various renal as well as systemic diseases. Normal urine appears transparent most urine samples develop turbidity in few hours when left in laboratory.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Generally fresh urine of normal person is transparent. Other constituents include urea, chloride, sodium, potassium, creatinine and other dissolved ions, and inorganic and organic compounds. Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents springerlink. The traces of protein 10150 mg present in normal urine cannot be detected by the ordinary simple tests. Urine is a liquid byproduct of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra.
It uses urinalysis reagent strip to determine some of its. In ancient period analysis of body excretion was done for diagnosis of diseased condition. When the body metabolizes fats incompletely, ketones are excreted in the urine resulting in ketonuria. The abnormal constituents in urine are blood cells haematuria, glucose glycosuria, albumin, bile pigments.
The aim of the experiment is to examine the presence of some normal organic constituents and pathologic organic constituents in the urine sample. Normal human urine is usually devoid of protein or it may contain negligible quantity of protein about 2080 mg in daily urine. Abnormalities in any of these of physical characteristics may indicate disease or. The ketone test is based on the development of colors ranging from light. This chapter is intended to give a basic knowledge of the kidney structure and urine formation as an important aid in understanding urinalysis and test interpretation. This is the chief endproduct of protein catabolism in man.
Diabetes mellitus, abnormal constituents, diabetic ketoacidosis. Introduction urine is an excretory product of the body. Following a discussion of the normal constituents of urine will be a series of tests to detect the presence of abnormal substances. Most dogs with hypoadrenocorticism have an impaired. Biochemistry urine analysis normal and abnormal urine. It may sometimes appear in urine samples as a result of menstrual contamination, but this is not an abnormal condition. Those dipsticks make a pretty good catapult for drops of eyeballseeking urine.
Identify normal and abnormal constituents of urine. Normally urine consists of water and some impurities like urea, uric acid, ions and creatinine. The urine specific gravity in a dog with normal renal function and prerenal uremia secondary to dehydration and decreased cardiac output should be greater than 1. Polyuria is the passage of large volume of urine in a given period. The normal chemical composition of urine is mainly water content, but it also includes nitrogenous molecules, such as urea, as well as creatinine and other metabolic waste components. Urea is a nontoxic molecule made of toxic ammonia and carbon dioxide. Pdf biochemical composition of normal urine researchgate. A normal adult excretes daily from ml to 1800 ml of urine.
What are the abnormal constituents of urine answers. Normal urine in all animal species contains little or small amount of protein from desquamation of epithelial cells and other sources, but the amount is insufficient to. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Biochemistry urine analysis normal and abnormal urine constituents. Before discussing about the abnormal constituents of urine we must have some idea about the normal constituent of urine. After knowing the normality it will be very easy to understand about the abnormal constituents of urine of human beings. Several specific terms have been used to indicate the presence of abnormal urine constituents. Now that you understand what the normal characteristics of urine are, the next section will introduce you to how you store and dispose of this waste product and how you make it. Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with a minimum of these remaining constituents.
The present study was carried out to investigate the normal and abnormal microscopic constituents of urine of sickle cell anemic patients of district amravati, ms india in order to study the. Pdf biochemical composition of normal urine find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Physical properties and detection of normal constituents. The normal constituents in urine include urea, creatinine, uric acid, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonia etc. Substances which are not present in easily detectable amounts in urine of normal healthy individuals but are present in the urine under certain diseased conditions are said to be abnormal constituents of urine. Physical charecterstics of normal and abnormal urine for pharmacy notes pdf join our whatsapp group. Increased output of urine called as polyuria arises in diseased conditions like contracted kidney, diabetes, etc. Inorganic constituents of normal urine anions and cations are the inorganic constituents of normal urine. Secreted by the renal tubules, it accumulates in the urinary bladder and is excreted via the urethra. Urine is the excretory product of the body produced by the process of filtration, reabsorption, and tubular secretion. About 1015 gm of chloride is excreted in urine per day.
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